ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME GROWTH AND, COAL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS FROM NONLINEAR PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT In this study, Brazil, Turkey, Australia, Estonia, South Africa (SA), Finland and Sweden are examined by Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL), non-linear ARDL (NARDL) Gregory-Hansen (GRHA) cointegration models for the relationship between emissions growth, coal consumption (CCSP) growth. For growth relationship, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is investigated. CCSP EKC Brazil external debt does not have a significant effect on in long run. Australia Finland, confirmed. confirmed model, no asymmetric found NARDL model. SA, The hypothesis countries that included study. Although put great effort to eliminate energy production, Australia's market renewable policies may be an example other which try production such as case. Keywords curve; Finland; Sweden;